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Overview

Galileo is a microcontroller board based on the Intel® Quark SoC X1000 Application Processor, a 32-bit Intel Pentium-class system on a chip (datasheet). It’s the first board based on Intel® architecture designed to be hardware and software pin-compatible with Arduino shields designed for the Uno R3. Digital pins 0 to 13 (and the adjacent AREF and GND pins), Analog inputs 0 to 5, the power header, ICSP header, and the UART port pins (0 and 1), are all in the same locations as on the Arduino Uno R3. This is also known as the Arduino 1.0 pinout.

Galileo is designed to support shields that operate at either 3.3V or 5V. The core operating voltage of Galileo is 3.3V. However, a jumper on the board enables voltage translation to 5V at the I/O pins. This provides support for 5V Uno shields and is the default behavior. By switching the jumper position, the voltage translation can be disabled to provide 3.3V operation at the I/O pins.

Of course, the Galileo board is also software compatible with the Arduino Software Development Environment (IDE), which makes usability and introduction a snap. In addition to Arduino hardware and software compatibility, the Galileo board has several PC industry standard I/O ports and features to expand native usage and capabilities beyond the Arduino shield ecosystem. A full sized mini-PCI Express slot, 100Mb Ethernet port, Micro-SD slot, RS-232 serial port, USB Host port, USB Client port, and 8MByte NOR flash come standard on the board.

Visit the FAQ page for further informations.

Getting Started

To get started, simply connect the board to power with the 5V AC-to-DC adapter and then connect to the computer with the micro-USB cable. By default they measure from ground to 5 volts.

• I2C bus, TWI: SDA and SCL pins that are near to the AREF pin.
  • TWI: A4 or SDA pin and A5 or SCL pin. Support TWI communication using the Wire library.
• SPI:
  • Defaults to 4MHz to support Arduino Uno shields. sing the board.

Arduino Shield Supported Features Galileo is compatible with Arduino UNO shields and is designed to support 3.3V or 5V shields, following the Arduino Uno Revision 3, including:

• 14 digital input/output pins, of which 6 can be used as Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) outputs;
  • Each of the 14 digital pins on Galileo can be used as an input or output, using pinMode(), digitalWrite(), and digitalRead() functions.
  • They operate at 3.3 volts or 5 volts. Each pin can provide a maximum of 10 mA or receive a maximum of 25 mA and has an internal pull-up resistor (disconnected by default) of 5.6k to 10 kOhms.
• A0 – A5: 6 analog inputs, via an AD7298 A-to-D converter
  • Each of the 6 analog inputs, labeled A0 through A5, provides 12 bits of resolution (i.e., 4096 different values). By default they measure from ground to 5 volts.
• I2C bus, TWI: SDA and SCL pins that are near to the AREF pin.
  • TWI: A4 or SDA pin and A5 or SCL pin. Support TWI communication using the Wire library.
• SPI:
  • Defaults to 4MHz to support Arduino Uno shields. Programmable to 25 MHz.
  • Note: While Galileo has a native SPI controller, it will act as a master and not as an SPI slave. Therefore, Galileo cannot be a SPI slave to another SPI master. It can act, however, as a slave device via the USB Client connector.
• UART (serial port): Programmable speed UART port (digital pins 0 (RX) and 1 (TX))
• ICSP (SPI): a 6 pin in-circuit serial programming (ICSP) header, located appropriately to plug into existing shields. These pins support SPI communication using the SPI library.
• VIN: The input voltage to the Galileo board when it's using an external power source (as opposed to 5 volts from the regulated power supply connected at the power jack). You can supply voltage through this pin, or, if supplying voltage via the power jack, access it through this pin.
  • Warning: The voltage applied to this pin must be a regulated 5V supply otherwise it could damage the Galileo board or cause incorrect operation.
• 5V output pin: This pin outputs 5V from the external source or the USB connector. Maximum current draw to the shield is: 800 mA
• 3.3V output pin: A 3.3 volt supply generated by the on-board regulator. Maximum current draw to the shield is: 800 mA
• GND: Ground pins.
• IOREF: The IOREF pin on Galileo allows an attached shield with the proper configuration to adapt to the voltage provided by the board. The IOREF pin voltage is controlled by a jumper on the board, i.e., a selection jumper on the board is used to select between 3.3V and 5V shield operation.
• RESET button/pin: Bring this line LOW to reset the sketch. Typically used to add a reset button to shields that block the one on the board.
• AREF is unused on Galileo. Providing an external reference voltage for the analog inputs is not supported.
  • For Galileo it is not possible to change the upper end of the analog input range using the AREF pin and theanalogReference() function.

Check out the Audio Sample Sequencer tutorial of the project that Arduino Verkstad brought at the Maker Faire Rome at the Intel Galileo Booth.

Details of Intel Architecture Supported Features

The genuine Intel processor and surrounding native I/O capabilities of the Clanton SoC provides for a fully featured offering for both the maker community and students alike. It will also be useful to professional developers who are looking for a simple and cost effective development environment to the more complex Intel® Atom processor and Intel® Core processor-based designs.

• 400MHz 32-bit Intel® Pentium instruction set architecture (ISA)-compatible processor o 16 KBytes on-die L1 cache
  • 512 KBytes of on-die embedded SRAM
  • Simple to program: Single thread, single core, constant speed
  • ACPI compatible CPU sleep states supported
  • An integrated Real Time Clock (RTC), with an optional 3V “coin cell” battery for operation between turn on cycles.
• 10/100 Ethernet connector
• Full PCI Express* mini-card slot, with PCIe 2.0 compliant features
  • Works with half mini-PCIe cards with optional converter plate
  • Provides USB 2.0 Host Port at mini-PCIe connector
• USB 2.0 Host connector
  • Support up to 128 USB end point devices
• USB Device connector, used for programming
  • Beyond just a programming port - a fully compliant USB 2.0 Device controller
• 10-pin Standard JTAG header for debugging
• Reboot button to reboot the processor
• Reset button to reset the sketch and any attached shields
• Storage options:
  • Default - 8 MByte Legacy SPI Flash main purpose is to store the firmware (or bootloader) and the latest sketch. Between 256KByte and 512KByte is dedicated for sketch storage. The download will happen automatically from the development PC, so no action is required unless there is an upgrade that is being added to the firmware.
  • Default 512 KByte embedded SRAM, enabled by the firmware by default. No action required to use this feature.
  • Default 256 MByte DRAM, enabled by the firmware by default.
  • Optional micro SD card offers up to 32GByte of storage
  • USB storage works with any USB 2.0 compatible drive
  • 11 KByte EEPROM can be programmed via the EEPROM library.

Schematic, Reference Design & Pin Mapping

• Schematics: GalileoSchematic.pdf
• Cadence® Allegro® Files: GalileoReferenceDesign.zip

Power

Galileo is powered via an AC-to-DC adapter, connected by plugging a 2.1mm center-positive plug into the board's power jack. The recommended output rating of the power adapter is 5V at up to 3Amp.

Electrical Summary

Communication

Galileo has a number of facilities for communicating with a computer, another Arduino, or other microcontrollers. Galileo provides UART TTL (5V/3.3V) serial communication, which is available on digital pin 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). In addition, a second UART provides RS-232 support and is connected via a 3.5mm jack. The USB Device ports allows for serial (CDC) communications over USB. This provides a serial connection to the Serial Monitor or other applications on your computer. It also enables Galileo to act as a USB mouse or keyboard to an attached computer. To use these features, see the Mouse and Keyboard library reference pages. The USB Host port allows Galileo act as a USB Host for connected peripherals such as mice, keyboards, and smartphones. To use these features, see the USBHost reference pages. Galileo is the first Arduino board to provide a mini PCI Express (mPCIe) slot. This slot allows full size and half size (with adapter) mPCIe modules to be connected to the board and also provides an additional USB Host port via the slot. Any standard mPCIe module can be connected and used to provide applications such as WiFi, Bluetooth or Cellular connectivity. Initially, the Galileo mPCie slot provides support for the WiFi Library. For additional information, see the Intel® Galileo Getting Started Guide. An Ethernet RJ45 Connector is provided to allow Galileo to connect to wired networks. When connecting to a network, you must provide an IP address and a MAC address. Full support of on-board Ethernet interface is fully supported and does not require the use of the SPI interface like existing Arduino shields. The onboardmicroSD card reader is accessible through the SD Library. The communication between Galileo and the SD card is provided by an integrated SD controller and does not require the use of the SPI interface like other Arduino boards. The Arduino software includes a Wire library to simplify use of the TWI/I2C bus; see the documentation for details. For SPIcommunication use the SPI library.

Programming

Galileo can be programmed with the Arduino software (download). When you are ready to upload the sketch to the board, program Galileo through the USB Client port by selecting "Intel Galileo" as your board in the Arduino IDE. Connect Galileo's port labelled USB Client (the one closest to the Ethernet) to your computer. For details, see the reference,tutorials and Intel® Galileo Getting Started Guide. Rather than requiring a physical press of the reset button before an upload, Galileo is designed to be reset by software running on a connected computer.

When the board boots up two scenarios are possible:

• If a sketch is present in persistent storage, it is executed.
• If no sketch present, the board waits for upload commands from the IDE.

If a sketch is executing, you can upload from the IDE without having to press the reset button on the board. The sketch is stopped; the IDE waits for the upload state, and then starts the newly uploaded sketch.

Pressing the reset button on the board restarts a sketch if it is executing and resets any attached shields

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